Australian+History

media type="custom" key="15949256" JOHN MONASH || Night of the Notables || (Monash University, campuses Caufield and Clayton,Berwick,Parkville,Gippsland and Mumbai (India) || Sir John Monash Private Hospital. Clayton ||
 * SIR
 * Sir John Monash University

29 of June 1865 West Melbourne VIC || Death 8 of October 1931 aged 66 Toorak Melbourne VIC || People thought he was stupid at first but then they found that he founded a new place to live other than Sydney and Melbourne because they were already full of people and over populated.Because of Adelaide there was a new Supplier and Port.The first suburbs were Goodwood and Morrphettville || //Answers:1=To go on an adventure and to find the inland sea.He always had a dream to explore Terra Australius.// //2:=aged 74 on the 16 of June 1869 in England because of eye problems// //3:=emblems Sturts desert pea (sa) Sturts desert rose (nt.).// //Sturt's stony desert,Sturt river (sa),Charles Sturt Uni.Because of his explores.// //4:=eldest of 8 sons and one of thirteen children of Thomas Lenox Napier Sturt.When he was 11 he wanted to be the first one in his family of brothers and sisters to be an explore an a member of Parliament// //5:=colony secretary, commisioner of crown lands, convict administrator, defence forces personnel (british), Explorer, Public servant, Public service head, registar-general, servicer-general// //6:=When he entered Parliament he meet about one hundred people in his life in Parliament (only) sad.// //7:=George Macleay, Harris, Hopkinson, Fraser and Clayton.// //8:=Although Sturt probably entered his career as an explorer through influence, his selection was justified by results. He was a careful and accurate observer and a very smart explorer of what he saw, and it was unfortunate that much of his work revealed nothing but wreck.// 9:=//Sturt had often expressed his love for Australia and his determination never to return to England, but the need to secure the future of his children forced him to change his mind and he left Australia on 19 March 1853.He really did like Australia.// //10:=Soon after his arrival Sturt was appointed military secretary to the governor and major of brigade to the garrison. With these offices he could have taken an active part in politics, but preferred to interest himself in exploration and by November 1827 was able to write to his cousin, Isaac Wood, that the governor had agreed to his leading an expedition into the interior.// || 10questions: **2:What age did he die?** **3:What places are the places named after Charles Sturt?** **4:How many brothers and sisters did he have?** **5:What was his occupation (job)**
 * Born
 * What people thought of Charles Sturt
 * 1:Why did he explore Australia?**
 * 6:How many people of parliment did he meet?**
 * 7:Who was in Charles' party on his second adventure across Australia?**
 * 8:Did he like his career as a explorer**
 * 9:Did Sturt like AUSTRALIA?**
 * 10:When he first got to Australia what was his first job?**
 * Bibliography Site for info

Reilly, Roma Charles Sturt [Online] Available [] (June 4th 2012)

Parish,Steve and Cox,Karin (2008) //Amazing Facts About Early Explorers// Steve Parish Publishing Queensland || **Night**

Adelaide[|Charles Sturt]
 * of the Notables** ||
 * **Charles**
 * Sturt**

Charles Sturt (below) :) || **Captain Charles Sturt (1795-1869) was born in India in 1795.** This was about the same time that Bass & Flinders started to explore Australia's coastline. Because of his ability, his commanders made him a Captain and sent him to Australia with his army regiment in 1827.

Governor Darling of NSW sent Sturt, together with Hamilton Hume, to follow and map the Macquarie River. They got as far as the Darling River which they named, but they had to stop because there was a drought and the streams had dried up. However, he had proved that northern New South Wales was not a giant inland sea. || National Emblem Sturts desert pea SA Sturts desert rose NT || His next expedition was in 1829 when he persuaded Governor Darling to allow him to follow the Murrumbidgee,which had been discovered by **HUME AND HOVELL**.
 * [[image:http://sa.onenation.com.au/Sturt%20Charles.jpg width="130" height="165"]]

The party set out with a whaleboat on a horse-drawn dray (a horse drawn carriage with four wheels) and arrived at the Murrumbidgee. Here Sturt divided his party and headed downstream. It was a dangerous journey along the fast-flowing river, with the boat often **smashing** against hidden rocks and trees. When the wind was **blowing** in the right direction, they used sails, otherwise they rowed. In January, they came upon a huge a large area of water, which he named the Murray River. It wasn't as big the Murrumbidgee but it was deep. They explored the river with friendly aborigines. Sturt was always nice to the aborigines. One day they met a group who were hostile. Sturt told his men to fire their guns but the friendly aborigines who had been traveling with them made peace.

Soon Sturt discovered the end of the Darling River. That meant they had found all the inland rivers. Sturt proved that the west-flowing rivers eventually turned south to the ocean and there was no inland sea!!! || Charles Sturt university Melbourne campus Wagga Wagga campus Bathurst campus City of Charles Sturt Charles Sturt Motor Inn Cobram. || On February 4 1830, the group sighted seagulls. Aboriginals told them that the ocean was near. On the 9 of February they sailed in to giant lake where Sturt named Alexandrina. A few days later they found where the Murray turned into the sea.they saw no ships to take back to Sydney so they off on the journey to the depot at Murrumbigee.
 * Places:

Unfortunately, when they arrived there, the rest of the party had abandoned it. This was very serious as their supplies were low and the river was in flood!!! The men where all dying and getting very exhausted from rowing the ship.

Finally, on 11 April they reached one of their old sites at Narrandera and here Sturt left the astray and set up a large camp. He sent two men, Hopkinson and Mullholland, overland in search of the rest of the group. These two men managed an incredible achievement covering up to 140 kilometres in three days. They found the left of the party and the supplies.

Sturt was blind for the rest of his life because of the catastrophe. He suffered many eye problems.He went back to England for 3 years and 1834 he was given 50 000 acres of land near Mittagong in NSW.Because of his amazing adventures the city of Adelaide was settled.

In 1838, he again decided to explore the inland of Australia, trying to reach the exact centre of the continent. While he did not believe in the great inland sea, he thought there could be one or more big lakes. He had noticed birds heading north from Adelaide every autumn and returning in good condition each spring. He thought therefore that there must be good feeding grounds to the north.

This was Sturt's fourth major trip across Australia and began in August 1844, when he was almost 50 years old. Three hundred men applied to join the journey. Sturt chose 16 people including James Poole, the second-in-command and set off together with 11 horses, 300 sheep, 32 bullocks (Male cows or bulls), six dogs and an assortment of carts and wagons.

Early in the trip he was caught again with hostile aboriginals, but managed to reason with them once more. The group passed through today's Broken Hill, but failed to recongnise the valuable minerals in the ground. Further north, at Rocky Glen (near the present town of Milparinka), a large area of deep water, they were trapped for 6 months by the extreme heat and the lack of water ahead. The party came down with a disease called scurvy because of the lack of fresh food. Poole's skin turned black and large pieces of flesh peeled off the inside of his mouth. It had become so hot that the thermometers were bursting - up to 67 degrees Centigrade/also known as Celsius and the river was almost dry. It was so hot it made screws drop out of boxes, lead fell out of pencils and the men's nails became as hard and thin as glass. The men built an underground room to cover in. They suffered also when winter came, due to the unbearable cold. Sturt's eyes began to fail once again.

When everything seemed hopeless, rain fell and the health of the men and animals improved. Unfortunately, Sturt's first assistant Poole died of scurvy and was buried under a tree. (Poole's horse, which was turned loose in the desert, was amazingly found alive and well 15 years later.) Sturt was sad and lost by the death of Poole, but had to go on. He sent 9 men back to Adelaide and moved on with the rest of the party. They crossed the Strzelecki Creek and Cooper's Creek and pushed on until they reached a wilderness which they named Sturt's Stony Desert. The horses were failing to walk and keep up and the stones wore down the feet of the cattle and the sheep. This desert was 80 kilometres wide. They crossed the desert and came to the Simpson desert where they were faced with sand dunes 30 metres high. Sturt soon realised they could go no further.

Sturt had to make a very hard decision. He was only 240 kilometres from the centre of Australia, but for the safety of his group, he was forced to turn back to Fort Grey. They had travelled 1500 kilometres and were completely exhausted.

Sturt decided to make one last try to find an inland sea. He took with him three men and this trip was dreadful. The heat was so terrible, it burst their thermometers again. The country was taken by drought and the waterholes were drying up. Sturt became ill and they were forced to turn back. Sturt was in fact, so ill, that they had to carry him in a dray (A large low carriage with four wheels pulled by horses). The ground was very rough and had a big impact on his body. Eventually they arrived at Moorundie where Sturt's health slowly improved. Soon he was able to ride a horse again and travelled back to Adelaide. He had been away a year and five months. Sturt was treated as a hero and given a shiny gold medal.

He was very disappointed, but at least he had found a route to the centre of Australia and had pioneered an overland route to Adelaide. Sturt had explored the inland of Australia, north to Adelaide, adding much to people's knowledge of the interior of Australia.

Sturt returned to England in 1851 where he died in 1869. ||